Therefore Symbol in LaTeX
Write ∴ with \therefore and ∵ with \because, in math mode, with \usepackage{amssymb} in the preamble. In a sentence wrap them in dollars: $\therefore$ the claim holds.
Proof symbols
\therefore∴ therefore (amssymb).
\because∵ because (amssymb).
\implies⟹ implies, the usual symbol in formal proofs (amsmath).
\Rightarrow⇒ shorter implication arrow.
\iff⟺ if and only if.
Try it live
Change the formula and the preview redraws as you type. Copy the LaTeX, download a PNG or SVG, copy it for Word, or use Edit here on any example below to load it.
Therefore (∴) and because (∵) examples
Each result below is drawn from the LaTeX under it. Copy the code, edit it on this page, or open it in the full editor.
Solving step
LaTeX2x = 6 \;\therefore\; x = 3Reason first
LaTeX\because\; a > 0,\; a^2 > 0Chain of steps
LaTeXx^2 = 4 \implies x = \pm 2Proof conclusion
LaTeX\therefore\; \sqrt{2} \notin \mathbb{Q}Equivalence
LaTeXx^2 - 1 = 0 \iff x = 1 \text{ or } x = -1
Spacing
\therefore and \because are relations in amssymb, so between two formulas they get some space. At the start of a line or after a comma, add a little space yourself with \; as in the examples.
∴ or ⟹
∴ is common in school mathematics and handwritten proofs; formal writing usually says "therefore" in words or uses \implies between statements. Use one style consistently.
Common mistakes
Without amssymb LaTeX reports "Undefined control sequence" (a common Overleaf question).
Instead of\therefore (no amssymb)Write\usepackage{amssymb}The symbol only works in math mode.
Instead ofHence \therefore x = 2WriteHence $\therefore x = 2$
In Overleaf, MathJax and Word
Overleaf and pdfLaTeX
Add
\usepackage{amssymb}; many templates already load it.MathJax and KaTeX
MathJax and KaTeX support
\thereforeand\becausewithout configuration.Microsoft Word
In a Word equation
\thereforethen Space gives ∴ and\becausegives ∵.
Have this math on paper, in a PDF or a photo?
Retyping formulas is slow. These converters read whole pages and handwriting and give you LaTeX or Word with every equation editable.
- Handwritten math to LaTeXPhotograph notes or a whiteboard and get LaTeX for every line.1 credit per image
- PDF to LaTeXTurn a paper or textbook PDF into a .tex project with every equation.10 credits per page
- Image to WordA screenshot or photo of a page becomes Word with editable equations.10 credits per image
Single printed formulas are free: 3 a day without an account, 6 with a free account. New accounts get 30 credits to try handwriting, pages and documents; failed conversions return their credits. See plans and credit prices.
Therefore (∴) and because (∵) in LaTeX: questions
- What is the LaTeX command for therefore?
\therefore, with amssymb loaded.- How do I write the because symbol?
\because(∵), also from amssymb.- Why does \therefore not work in Overleaf?
- amssymb is not loaded. Add
\usepackage{amssymb}to the preamble.
Related LaTeX reference
- And Symbol and Logic Symbols in LaTeXLogical and (\land), or, not, implies, iff, for all and there exists, and how to print a literal & instead.
- How to Write an Arrow in LaTeXRight, left, double, long, maps-to and labeled arrows (\to, \Rightarrow, \xrightarrow), plus arrows in text mode.
- LaTeX SymbolsThe most-used math symbols in one table: relations, operators, sets, logic, arrows, Greek letters and accents, each with its command.
- Checkmark in LaTeX✓ with \checkmark, ✓ and ✗ from pifont (\ding{51}, \ding{55}), and checklists in tables and lists.
- How to Write Mod in LaTeXa mod b with \bmod, (mod n) after a congruence with \pmod, and the \mod and \pod variants.
- Perpendicular Symbol in LaTeX⊥ with \perp, ∥ with \parallel, \not\perp and \nparallel, and the orthogonal complement W^\perp.
- LaTeX equation editorSymbol panel, live preview, and PNG, SVG, MathML or Word export.
- All LaTeX reference pagesSymbols, math structures and text formatting in one list.
Have the formula as a picture?
Paste a screenshot or photo of the equation and get its LaTeX, ready to copy or open in the editor.
Convert an image to LaTeX